2019年考研英语(一)阅读真题，在备考中，英语真题不能落下，每天都得做一遍真题，巩固自己的知识。
1)Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but also by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.
2)“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.
3)The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism”.
4)In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorter attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.
5)In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.
6)Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.
7)Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.
21.According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the____.
[A]enhance banker’s sense of responsibility
[B]help corporations achieve larger profits
[C]build a new system of financial regulation
[D]guarantee the bonuses of top executives
选项[A]正确。
细节题。根据题干定位一段第三句（The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution这个规则主要目的是让银行家为不良风险负责以及修复公众对金融机构的信任）。选项中的“sense of responsibility”则对应到句中的“enhance banker's sense of responsibility（增加银行的责任感）”。
22.Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate_____.
[A]the conditions for generating quick profits
[B]governments’ impatience in decision-making
[C]the solid structure of publicly traded companies
[D]“short-termism” in economics activities
选项[D]正确。
细节题。题干“Alfred Marshall”，定位到第二段的第二句“He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting...”，定位信息里的“this financial impatience”则是回指第二段首句的“Short-termism”，故信息点则为“Short-termism”，所以选[D]。
23.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be__________.
[A]indirect
[B]adverse
[C]minimal
[D]temporary
选项[B]正确。
细节题。题干的“transient investment”，定位到第三段的第二句“Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty”，四个选项中，只有[B]选项的adverse为明确的负面表达，意思为“不利的”，与原文中的“hinder”（阻碍打扰）对应。
[A]the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”.
[B]the significance of long-term thinking.
[C]the approaches to promoting “long-termism”.
[D]the prevalence of short-term thinking.
选项[C]正确。
例证题。根据题干定位，美国和法国的例子是用来支撑什么论点。原文的第五、六段则提供了具体的信息，第五段中美国延迟发放才上任一年左右的高管绩效津贴，继而促进缓解“短期”盛行的现状；第六段则提及在法国持股两年以上者拥有更大的选票权。所以，佳选项应为“促进长期的方法”，[C]与原文一致。
25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A]Failure of Quarterly Capitalism
[B]Patience as a Corporate Virtue
[C]Decisiveness Required of Top Executives
[D]Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers
选项[B]正确。
主旨题。[B]选项里的patience可以对应到全文中反复出现的主题词“short-termism”和“long-termism”，corporate本身在文章中出现多次，所以[B]选项正确。
