根据一些机构的统计,托福考生练习时间*长的是听力,但*差的分数也是听力。考生在*次考试中的平均听力分数约为19分。许多学生通常练习听写,但他们做到了TPO发现错误率总是很高!
事实上,在托福听力考试中,在通过听力能力的情况下,要达到满分,你需要首先了解问题的特点,掌握问题的特点,掌握问题点,以便在实际实践中获得更高的准确率。
托福听力中*常见的问题有六种:主题问题、细节问题、功能问题、态度问题、结构问题和推理问题。只要你掌握了这六类问题,就可以说离托福听力满分不远了。因此,今天我们将仔细总结这六类听力问题的特点和解决问题的关键,希望能帮助有听力问题的学生!
01 主旨目的题
主旨题分为内容主旨和目的主旨。
如何识别主旨目的题?
What are the students mainly discussing?
What is the main topic of the talk?
What is the lecture mainly about?
What is the talk mainly about?
What is the main purpose of the lecture?
What is the professor mainly discussing?
文章的主旨解决之道
(1)听准开头;
(2)把握对话目的;
(3)对于演讲,敏感开头句型;
(4)捕捉全文重复(主题决定细节,细节反映主题);
(5)训练关键词的敏感(大多是名词和动词)——适应于长对话
文章的主旨展开方式
(1)直接展开:
today we are going to talk about…
I’d like to begin my lecture by introducing…
let’s focus on…
let’s now take a look at…
(2)问答式展开:
how are companies typically structured?
Do you remember what they are?
How can you understand it?
Why does human being consider it important?
(3)全文关键词总结
选项特征
正确选项标志词:history,development,background,information,growth,origin,features,characteristics,invention,creation,innovation,evolution,era,trend,comparison,classification等
干扰选项特征:
Too general:an idea that is beyond the focus of the conversation or lecture
too specific:a supporting detail instead of a main idea
inaccurate:not true,or only partially true,according to the speakers
irrelevant:about something that the speakers don’t mention
02 细节题
通常来讲,细节题不会以某一种固定的形式出现。能够考查的细节题目有很多,有列举细节,陈述某个理论观点的内容,给出术语的定义等等。总体来说我们可以把细节题总结为原文意思的重新叙述或者概述。
如何识别细节题?
What problem does the man have?
According to the conversation,what are two ways in which bacteria cells get resistance genes?
Why does the professor talk about Plato’s description of society?
细节题的考查点
(1)时间细节
年份、月份、星期、四季的说法
注意细节对应的事件
(2)地点细节
*名称(缩写、中文)
美国地名
(3)名词细节
文章中出现的一个名词前后的特点
记住名词出现时候的发音
(4)方位细节
注意方位词的说法
注意方向词的说法
(5)数字细节
注意逗号原则的应用
注意分数,小数,百分数的说法
注意数字修饰的名词
(6)颜色形状细节
常见的颜色词汇
常见的形状词汇
(7)态度细节
注意点评一个事物所用的形容词
注意正负态度评价
(8)人名细节
积累常见名人人名的发音
注意人名的前后一致性
(9)双选细节
注意并列的原因、建议、结果、陈述、特点
注意序数词和表示顺序的短语
(10)图片细节
常见的会出现图片*:生物学,植物学,地理学,地质学,气象学
抓住图片中的要素:大小,形状,颜色,方向,方位,特点
笔记中记录下图片
03 功能题
功能题主要考查的是说话者所说的某段话的功能,翻译一下就是为什么要这么说。功能题和细节题往往是相辅相成。比如举例部分,既可以考查例子的功能,也可以考查例子的细节。
如何识别功能题?
What does the professor imply when he says this:(reply)
What can be inferred from the professor’s response to the student?
What is the purpose of the woman’s response?Why does the student say this?
托福听力中的常见功能:
(1)Explanation:Simply put/Let’s put in this way/I think I should/you mean
(2)Conclusion:now to sum/wrap up my speech
(3)Suggestion:you should have done something better
(4)Inspiration:come on,you are supposed to know this…
(5)Emphasis:please bear in mind that…/Rhetorical question
(6)Correcting
mistake:Excuse me,Actually,Did I say XXX?I mean YYY.Oh,wait a
minutes,What am I saying?wait a minute/I made a slip of tongue
04 态度题
态度题一般指的是professor对某件事的观点和看法。态度会出现在事实描述的后边。态度题出现的频率不高,但也是一个必须得分的题型。
如何识别态度题?
What can be inferred about the student?
What is the professor’s attitude toward…?
What is the professor’s opinion of…?
What can be inferred about the student when she says this:
What does the woman mean when she says this:
态度题的Tips:
(1)语气语调,重读,小词;
(2)把握态度上的肯定还是否定;
(3)喜欢还是厌倦;
(4)有兴趣还是没有兴趣;
(5)满意、不满意还是受挫;
托福听力中的常见态度:
(1)Awful:woops!Uh-uh!Oh,no!Oh,dear!Oh,shoot!(2)Remind:I
don’t think you will do/I was wondering if you will do something/I
don’t imagine if you do…/you haven’t done something,have you?
(3)Pity:what a shame/that’s too bad/I’m sorry to hear that/tough luck
(4)Eulogy:Fabulous=Fab;Magnificent=Magnif;Glamorous=Glam;Excellent;Terrific;Awesome;Amazing;Fantastic;Incredible;Outstanding;Superb;Charming;Good
job
(5)to the professor:Fascinating;Catching;Instructive;Stimulating;Thought-provoking;
(6)Surprise:Gee!Jesus!My dear!Boy!Jesus Christ!Man!Oh,my God!Gosh!Oh,my!What!Dear me!
(7)Tactful
refuse:Sounds great,but/Sounds like fun,but/that’s tempting,but/I wish I
could,but/I’d love to,but/I’d really like to,but/I would(if I
could),but/I meant to,but/I have been meaning to(do something),but/I
should have,but…
05 结构题
结构题和功能题很像,考查的都是提出某个观点或事实的目的。不过结构题更侧重于考查在逻辑结构上的目的功能,比如引出下文,导入话题等等。因此,结构题往往出现在文章的开头和结尾,或者一个新逻辑层次开始的地方。
如何识别结构题?
How is the information in the lecture organized?
How does the professor clarify the points he makes about Mexico?
托福lecture文章的三种典型结构
(1)定义结构
(2)比较结构
(3)问题解决型结构
常见考点
举例考点
典型提示词:For example/for
instance/like/if/take...as an example/let's see/there be...
注意事项:依照结构题的考查内容,要关注举例的目的,即例子所对应的观点。
转折考点
典型提示词:but/however/although/in fact/actually
强调考点
典型提示词:
①表重要:important(ly)/significant(ly)/critical/key
②表特别:
particularly/especially/specifically
③表重复:I mean/and again/what I mean is
④表*:only/all/*高级
⑤表程度:really/pretty/quite/very
⑥表强烈情感:funny/interseting
因果考点
典型提示词:
because/why/so/since/reason/as/due to/result from
专业术语考点
典型提示词:
①引出术语:is called XXX/is known XXX/停顿
②解释术语:XXX is a...(way/phenomenon/term)
XXX is defined as...
XXX means...
XXX refers to...
③进一步说明:you know...(很多时候作为解释含义出现)
06 推理题
推理题就是信息的推理综合,在考试中这类题型不能像细节题一样找到和原文完全一致的信息,但是可以根据文章内容,去得到合理的推断。但有一点可以格外注意一下,任何的推断在没有文章的依据或者缺乏能够支撑答案确定性的时候,都是错误答案。
如何识别推理题?
What can be inferred about…?
What does the professor imply about…?
What will the students do in the summer?
推理题的解题技巧
(1)注意出现的观点性语言:in my opinion,as far as I’m concerned,personally,pay attention,from my point of view
(2)注意进度条和结尾段的引申
(3)注意首尾段的遥相辉映
(4)正确选项经常是文章中没有出现的单词
以上就是今天给大家总结的托福听力中六大高频考题的一些出题特征和解题关键,听力有问题的小伙伴可以对照本文的干货分享进行日常的训练,相信一定会得到提升。
