雅思口语考试,如何训练雅思口语的流利程度？很多考生不理解流利程度和连贯性在雅思口语考试*官是如何理解和评分的。这里我要从考官的角度向大家具体介绍Fluency and Coherence评分项目的特点。那么：雅思口语考试,如何训练雅思口语的流利程度？   　　Fluency and coherence are two different things but are grouped together because neither fluency nor coherence alone is considered as important as pronunciation，grammar or vocabulary. Fluency and coherence are both concerned with“the flow of language”— fluency concerns the physical flow of language while coherence concerns the logical“flow of interconnected ideas”。   　　上面这段考官的文字非常能够说明问题，流利和连贯在雅思口语考试中并不能分开，是作为一个整体评分标准来考查考生的口语的。两者都是测试考生的语言流畅性，这两者的区别是Fluency是看考生口齿清晰方面的流利而Coherence是看考生观点逻辑衔接方面的流畅。   　　You need to satisfy the requirements for both fluency and coherence to get a particular score for this combined item. In other words，if the examin er thinks you are a Band 6 for Fluency but only a Band 5 for Coherence，you will only get a sub-grade of Band 5 for the combined“Fluency and Coherence”。   　　考官在打分时是同时看考生这两方面的表现的，如果考生的Fluency是6分而Coherence是5分，那么这个单项的综合评分就是5分了，以低的那个分数为准。因此，考生要综合提高两方面的素质，既要嘴上流利，内容上也要有逻辑。   　　Fluency 流利程度，下面大家来看考官对于Fluency的具体分析： 　　For fluency，examiners notice three related things： continuity，speed and smoothness，在流利程度方面，考官着重看的是三个方面：连续性、语速和流畅性。   　　方面一　那么究竟什么是Continuity（连续性）呢？   　　This refers to your ability to just “keep talking”，without too many unnatural pauses.（Natural pauses are the very short pauses that we make when we speak in order to show the completion of an idea； to think of the best word； to consider an answer to a question； or to give dramatic effect.）Long pauses are unnatural and usually result from the speaker searching for vocabulary or making a complete sentence in his head before speaking. Pauses at inappropriate places in your speech are also unnatural. Many candidates who have long，unnatural pauses in their speech often do this because they are checking their grammar before speaking. In other words，they are overly worried about making grammatical mistakes. Similarly，those candidates who translate from Chinese to English before speaking also speak with long pauses. In the test itself，you should concentrate more on letting your speech “flow out” rather than worrying too much about grammar. Yes，keep grammar in mind，but in the test you should rely more on the habits of correct grammar that you had practiced in your preparation before the test. You will get a better score this way. 　　雅思口语考试中不要有不自然的停顿是得高分的重要一环，同时在口语考试的时候不要去想语法有没有错，想语法的正确与否再去纠正会大大影响口语考试说话的连续性。   　　Some candidates break the continuity of their speech by correcting themselves too much. If a candidate corrects himself or herself too frequently，this could result in a loss of continuity. Therefore，you should not self-correct more than 2 or 3 times in the whole test and only do it if you think you made a major mistake that could cause confusion to the listener or if you think the mistake just “sounds terrible”。 Furthermore，you should do it quickly so that the continuity of your speech doesn't seem too disrupted. 　　同时，雅思口语考官建议口语考试的时候不要去太多次纠正自己的英文，整场考试2～3次多了，除非是影响理解的严重错误。   　　Similarly，avoid unnecessary repetition of what you have just said.（This is usually done by Band 3 and Band 4 speakers who do not have confidence in their English.） 　　One way to avoid unnaturally long pauses is to communicate to the examiner，by speaking，what you are thinking as you prepare to answer a question or，in Part 2，as you prepare to say the next thing. For example，instead of sitting there silently while you think of how to answer a question，you could say something such as： “That's an interesting question！” or “That's a difficult question！” or “I've never thought about that before.” or “Let me think about that.” 　　当然，考试当中也有很多避免重复词和冷场的方法，考生所要做的就是用一些上面考官说的小窍门来解决。   　　A very important point is this： many candidates lose points for fluency because they stop talking for unnaturally long periods of time in Part 2—you are expected to speak continuously in Part 2. The main reason why some candidates do this is that they simply can't think of enough things to say，or can't think quickly enough of something to say. 　　雅思口语考试第二部分是考生在连贯性上失分的主要点。很大一部分原因是考生没有思路，无法在一分钟的准备时间里想到足够多的内容来说，如何来构建Part 2的答案的方法在*章中已经讨论过，在第四章里会有更加详细的论述。   　　方面二　Speed（语速）是流利性中第二个重要部分。其重要性体现在以下几个方面：   　　If your speech is unnaturally slow，you will lose point for fluency. In the test，if you know that your pronunciation is fairly clear and accurate，you should push yourself to speak a little faster than you would in a normal，non-test conversation. 　　在发音清楚和准确的基础上，语速尽量要保持正常，考生如果语速过慢将会被扣分。   　　But if you know that your pronunciation is not so clear or accurate，DON'T push yourself to speak faster because that could cause the examiner to not understand your pronunciation at all！ You will lose big points if the examiner cannot understand you at all. 　　对于那些基础不好的考生，在发音不是很准确的情况下，尽量不要加快语速，否则考官将完全不理解考生所说的内容，从而导致分数的大幅下降。   　　Some teachers tell（all）students NOT to speak fast in the test. This is a mistake，I believe，because sometimes all the students then think that they should speak slowly. Only those students with poor pronunciation should speak slowly，but only slowly enough to be understood clearly. The candidate who speaks a little slowly in order to be clear will lose a little on the fluency sub-scale but that is far better than losing big points in the pronunciation sub-score for being totally incomprehensible. 　　以上这段文字非常值得大家解读。考官认为一些中教告诉考生在雅思口语考试中语速不要快。这是一个错误的说法，因为这会让所有的考生误解，都认为要在雅思口语考试中慢慢地说英语。其实，英语说得慢只是针对那些英语发音比较差的考生而言的，那些发音很好的考生语速过于缓慢反而会影响流利程度的分数。   　　方面三　Smoothness（流畅性）是Fluency的第三个重要组成部分。   　　Smoothness is actually related to speed. If you don't use the two methods mentioned below to “smooth” your speech，it will be harder to speak at a natural speed. Two of the main ways to make your speech smoother are： a）to link your words and，b）to use contractions. 　　流畅性就是指自然的速度，越自然得分就越高。这部分的两个关键词是单词的连贯性和缩写式。   　　Linked Speech连贯的语流 　　In natural spoken English，most words are not spoken as single words but are linked with the preceding and following words. If you try to say each word individually，it will not sound “smooth” and it will almost certainly be too slow. One of the main examples of linking is the pronunciation of words that begin with a vowel sound. 　　单词的连读是口语的流利程度中非常重要的一个评分点。如果一个考生在整个考试中没有出现过连读的单词，那么他的分数不会高！   　　有考生会问怎么来训练连读呢，我的建议是从听力入手！剑桥雅思真题集的听力有很多的素材可以供大家模仿，听听看听力段子当中的学生和教授是怎么说话的，对于大家感受连读是很直观的。   　　Contracted Speech 缩写式 　　In natural spoken English，we use the contracted forms of some verb constructions most of the time. Examples of contractions are： “I'm”=“I am”； “He'll”=“He will”； and，“I'd”=“I would”。 We use the full forms to show emphasis or when we want to speak especially clearly for some reason，such as when stating a name.   　　The contracted forms are a faster way to speak and they are spoken in a smoother way than two separate words. Therefore，using contractions improves your fluency.   　　In the IELTS Speaking test，you should try to use the contracted forms at least 50% of the time. But don't worry if you use the full form sometimes（caused by your old habits of speech）。 Certainly，don't correct yourself if you use the full form. Using the full form is not considered to be “wrong”—it is simply more natural and therefore more suitable to use the contractions most of the time.   　　考官所建议的缩写式就是把一些原本分开来的两个词用缩写形式读出来，从而显得更为流畅。这并不是强制性的要求，但是如果考生能够做到，那就是锦上添花了。说完了流利，接下来就要来看看这个评分标准中的另外一个组成部分。   　　Coherence 连贯性，同样地，考生要关注雅思口语考官对这个评分点的解释。   　　The verb “cohere” means “to stick together as a mass or a group”。 In other words，the different parts of a whole are connected or linked. When referring to language，“coherence” is mostly about the linkage of ideas. 　　这个评分标准简单来说就是看考生的回答是不是思路清楚，内容上是不是有逻辑。   　　Coherent language is easy to follow because the ideas are linked using special linking words and phrases（= “connectives”）。 In other words，the absence of key linking words or phrases can make your language less coherent. 　　有意识地使用连接词在雅思口语考试中显得非常必要。   　　Obviously，before you can show the language of linking ideas，you have to say several things，not just one thing. In other words，the first way to get some points for coherence is to speak extended answers，with extra information，not answers that only address the basic question，without adding anything extra. First answer the question directly，then develop your an swer with extra information that is related to the question.   　　Extended（or “developed”）answers are also more coherent because they help the listener（or reader）better understand your meaning. For instance，adding an example of what you mean helps the listener understand. The more “understandable” or “clear” your answer is，the more it can be called “a coherent” answer.   　　雅思口语考试中答案的扩展也是得分手段之一，也就是说在回答完YES/NO之后要给出更加丰富的内容来扩展答案，举例子同样也是能给考生加分的。   　　Another aspect of coherent language is the logical placement of the ideas. That is，the ideas are stated in a logical order. For example，if you are explaining something that has several steps，you first talk about the first step and continue on to the last step. In this case，the linking words at the beginning of the sentences should be words such as “First”，“Second”，“Next”，“Then”，and “Finally”。   　　表示逻辑顺序的连接词运用恰当是Coherence得高分的关键。接下来是考官提供的一个例子来说明使用连接词来衔接观点。   　　“If you've got a lot of money and especially if you think you can get a good job when you come back to China，studying for an MBA overseas could be a good idea. On the other hand，it might not be the wisest decision if your family has to make financial sacrifices to allow you to study overseas because returning MBAs often can't find good-paying positions in China.”   　　The words，“On the other hand” is the linking phrase. It tells the listener（or reader）that the second sentence is an alternative idea to the first sentence.（There are different linking phrases，representing different meanings.）This linking phrase does two things： It serves as an introduction to the second sentence and it links to the idea of the first sentence. Overall，the linking phrase makes it easier for the listener to understand your meaning in the remainder of the second sentence.   　　大家从考官的评论中可以发现，连接词是得分的关键因素。如果在雅思口语考试的过程*生没有使用任何连接词或者连接词使用不充分，那么即使该考生的口语能力再强，也会被扣去相应的分数！   　　Good coherence is important in language because if a speaker makes errors in pronunciation，grammar or vocabulary（or all three），or if there is background noise（such as when talking on a telephone），the listener can probably still understand the meaning because he or she was given an introduction to what you are going to say. In addition，when you are speaking about something complex，it is a good communication skill to give the listener special help in following what you are saying so that the listener does not have to strain too hard to follow you.（This also applies to your writing in the Writing test.）   　　良好的连贯性是得高分的关键评分点。如果考生的发音、语法或者词汇都有问题，但是他的口语内容里面有开头、中间和结尾的逻辑顺序，那么考官还是可以理解他所说的内容的，得分也不会很低。而且，在说复杂内容的时候，逻辑连贯显得解他所说的内容的，得分也不会很低。而且，在说复杂内容的时候，逻辑连贯显得尤其重要。一定要记住自己的内容要有逻辑，要让考官完全能够听懂所说的内容，否则语言上再好，分数也不会高，这一点也适用于雅思写作。   　　Using good coherence is especially important when a speaker speaks for a long time，as in Part 2 or when a speaker is explaining something rather complex or abstract，as in the answers for many Part 3 questions.   　　考生在Part 2和Part 3回答长时间问题和抽象复杂问题的时候，要非常注重良好的逻辑连贯性，具体的原因来看下面一段考官的具体分析：   　　In the Speaking test，many candidates speak in a way that can be generally understood，i.e.，they speak in a way that is not particularly unclear，illogical or inconsistent. This is often because they just say simple things. In addition，the IELTS examiner might understand you because he or she knows what to expect when you give an answer，based on the examiner's experience. However，the examiner's job is to also consider how well you would be understood by a typical English-speaker overseas. In order to get a go od sub-score（6 or above）for coherence，you have to clearly demonstrate that you know about the joining words and phrases and can use them correctly.（To get a 6 for Coherence，you will be forgiven for making a few mistakes in the correct usage of joining words and phrases—just show that you have knowledge of this and are trying！）   　　从上面考官的一段解释发现，如果要在Coherence部分得到6分，那么考生一定要有意识地使用各种连接词。要记住，在整个雅思口语考试的过程中，要不断展示考生自己的逻辑连贯的能力。在Part 2*生要注意句子之间的逻辑衔接，在Part 3*生要把各种观点和理由进行逻辑衔接。