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位置:北京语言培训资讯 > 北京英语培训资讯 > 终于发现英语动词不定式用法

终于发现英语动词不定式用法

日期:2019-10-06 16:24:48     浏览:138    来源:天才领路者
核心提示:在语法中,动词不定式是指动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。下面小编告诉你英语动词不定式用法,大家一起来看看吧! 英语动词不定式用法: 不定式的时态和语态 时态语态主动被动 一般式todotobedone 进行式tobe
在语法中,动词不定式是指动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。下面小编告诉你英语动词不定式用法,大家一起来看看吧!   英语动词不定式用法:   不定式的时态和语态   时态语态    主动     被动   一般式      to do      to be done   进行式      to be doing   完成式      to have done   to have been done   完成进行式    to have been doing   1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。   He seems to know this.   I hope to see you again. = I hope that I’ll see you again. 我希望再见到你。   2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。   I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.   He seems to have caught a cold.   3) 进行时: 表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。   He seems to be eating something.   4) 完成进行时:   She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.   不定式的特殊句型Why not   "Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议,翻译为:"为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"   例如:   Why not take a holiday?   干吗不去度假?  

英语动词不定式用法

  不定式的特殊句型so as to   1) 表示目的;它的否定式是so as not to do。   Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.   汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。   Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.   轻点进去,别惊醒了婴儿。   2) so kind as to ---劳驾   Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?   劳驾,现在几点了。   不定式的特殊句型too…to…   1)too…to  太…以至于…   He is too excited to speak.   他太激动了,说不出话来。   ---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?   ---- Well, I’m afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重,恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。   2) 如在too前有否定词,则整个句子用否定词表达肯定, too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义,意 为"不太"。   It’s never too late to mend. (谚语)   改过不嫌晚。   3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时,意思是:非常… 等于very。   I’m only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。   He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。   不定式的一般式和进行式及用法:   一、不定式一般式的用法   不定式的一般式有两个基本用法;一是表示将来,即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作;二是表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于谓语动作的动作。如:   He told me to come earlier. 他叫我来早点。   She hoped to sleep off her headache. 她希望睡一觉后头痛会好。   I don’t seem to lack anything. 我好像什么也不缺。   I’m so pleased to see you. 看到你我真高兴。     二、不定式进行式的用法   不定式的进行式主要表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。如:   It appears to be raining. 似乎在下雨。   He pretended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered.老板进来时他假装在看一份重要的文件。   注:正如可用进行时态表示将来意义一样,不定式的进行式有时也可表示将来。如:   He was happy to be coming home. 就要回家了他感到高兴。   The old man seems to be dying. 这老人似乎要死了。   不定式完成式及完成进行式的用法:   一、不定式完成式的用法   不定式完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作或表示在某个给定的时间之前已完成的动作。如:   Sorry to have given you trouble. 对不起,打扰了。   I feel fortunate to have met them. 我觉得很幸运能见到他们。   I hope to have finished the work by Friday. 我希望星期五以前完成这项工作。   注:表示过去未曾实现的想法和愿望。如:   I should like to have come earlier. 我本想早点来的。   I was to have told you about it but I didn't have time to come over. 我本来要告诉你的,但我没有时间过来。   二、不定式完成进行式的用法   不定式完成进行式主要表示在谓语动作之前一直在进行的动作。如:   You seem to have been writing very long. 你好像已经写了很久了。   The battle was said to have been going on for two days. 据说战斗已经进行两天了。   动词不定式作条件状语观点梳理:   1. George O. Curme 著Syntax(1931年版) (汪璜译《英语句法》商务印书馆 1989年8月第1版)(上册)P581:   “I was thinking of asking £30 for the month.”(for the use of the boat)—“The boat is not worth it to buy.”(=if one should buy it for that price)   《英语句法》(下册)P201:   I should be glad to go (= if I could go).   I should have been glad to go (=if I could have gone).   He would have been foolish to do it (=if he had done it).   2. R. W. ZANDVOORT 著 A Handbook Of English Grammar (First published 1957)P10: In so-called “free-adjuncts”, the idea of purpose may be weakened, and even shade off into that of circumstance or condition.   To hear him talk, you’d think he knew all about the subject.   3. 李绍基编著的《英语非谓语动词》(译林出版社1981年12月第1版)P68:动词不定式短语有时也可用来表示一定条件,其产生的结果往往带有虚拟或主观推断的性质,因此句中的谓语动词前常用should, would, could, must等词。例如:   To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world.(=If you should hear him talk, …)   To look at him, you could hardly help laughing.   To listen to him, you should think that no problem whatever existed.   To judge by her reaction, she must deeply felt angry at your remarks.   You would be a fool to refuse this offer.   I should be sorry to see such a day.   4. 冯明仪编《英语非限定动词》(广东教育出版社 1986年6月第1版)P46: 5.表示条件动词不定式表示条件,常见于虚拟语气中。例如:   I should be glad for Mary to go. (= I should be glad if Mary went.)   You should have done better to have made up with them.(= You should have done better if you had made up with them)   5. 刘乐亭编著的《英语五难题》(北京出版社 1989年2月第1版)P247: 3)作条件状语   To hear him speak English, one would take him for an English man.   6. 卢盛莽编著的《英语非谓语动词疑难详解》(辽宁*出版社1989年12月第1版)P113:4)作条件状语。不定式常用于句首,主句谓语动词多用于虚拟语气。   To listen to him, you should think that he has gone there. (笔者注:gone应为been)   To hear him talk, you should think he owned the whole world.   7. 李永生主编《实用英语语法》(光明日报出版社 1990年10 月第1版)P169:   To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world.(条件)   8. L. G. Alexander著 的Longman English Grammar《朗曼英语语法》(雷航等译,外语教学与研究出版社1991年1月第1版)P533:   To hear him talk, you’d think he was Prime Minister.(=if you could hear him talk)   9. 刘毅编著的《英语语法宝典》(北京师范*出版社 1993年12月第1版)P231:   表条件   You would make a great mistake to take his bribe.   (=You would make a great mistake if you took his bribe.)   I should be happy to be of any service to you.   (=If I am of any service to you, I should be happy.)   To hear him talk, you would take for a scholar.   (=If you heard him talk, you would take for a scholar. )
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